{"id":19579,"date":"2024-06-12T08:54:43","date_gmt":"2024-06-11T22:54:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mbanews.com.au\/?p=19579"},"modified":"2024-06-12T08:55:05","modified_gmt":"2024-06-11T22:55:05","slug":"international-student-caps-are-creating-a-huge-headache-for-australian-universities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mbanews.com.au\/international-student-caps-are-creating-a-huge-headache-for-australian-universities\/","title":{"rendered":"International Student Caps Are Creating A Huge Headache For Australian Universities"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"theconversation-article-body\">\n<p><strong>By <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/peter-hurley-342847\">Peter Hurley<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/victoria-university-1175\">Victoria University<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/melinda-hildebrandt-1264360\">Melinda Hildebrandt<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/victoria-university-1175\">Victoria University<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Just before the May budget, the federal government made a surprise announcement: it will <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-is-the-government-proposing-caps-on-international-students-and-how-did-we-get-here-230003\">introduce caps<\/a> on the number of international students in the country.<\/p>\n<p>It is fair to say this plan is <a href=\"https:\/\/universitiesaustralia.edu.au\/media-item\/keynote-address-itec24-higher-education-symposium\/\">really worrying<\/a> some Australian universities.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/article\/2024\/may\/23\/labors-international-student-cap-an-unprecedented-overreach-and-recipe-for-chaos-experts-warn\">sector argues<\/a> cutting student numbers will see job losses and less money to do research. They also warn cuts will hurt their international reputation and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/article\/2024\/jun\/05\/qs-world-university-rankings-australian-universities-uom-unimelb-usyd\">place in global rankings<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This is because international education is a vital source of funding for Australia\u2019s universities. Universities collected <a href=\"https:\/\/app.powerbi.com\/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjRhMGUxMGItNjFhMC00YjY5LTliOTktNTc1NDRlYzMyZGQ2IiwidCI6ImRkMGNmZDE1LTQ1NTgtNGIxMi04YmFkLWVhMjY5ODRmYzQxNyJ9\">about A$8.6 billion<\/a> from international students in 2022 \u2013 more than a quarter of all revenue.<\/p>\n<p>Given the sums involved, the introduction of caps has the potential to have the most significant impact on Australia\u2019s tertiary education system in decades. But a major unanswered question is what the caps will be and how they will be calculated.<\/p>\n<h2>Remind me, what did the government announce?<\/h2>\n<p>Education Minister Jason Clare <a href=\"https:\/\/www.news.com.au\/national\/politics\/education-minister-jason-clare-introduces-new-bill-to-manage-foreign-student-surge\/news-story\/5c6186f0204c1c87b880c67bb6df5ecb\">introduced legislation<\/a> to parliament on student caps almost immediately after the budget was released. This would <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aph.gov.au\/Parliamentary_Business\/Bills_Legislation\/bd\/bd2324a\/24bd073\">provide ministerial powers<\/a> to regulate international education in Australia by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pausing the registration of new providers and new courses<\/li>\n<li>limiting the enrolments of overseas students by provider, course or location, over a year<\/li>\n<li>automatically suspending and cancelling courses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This comes as the government seeks to reduce net overseas migration (the increase in the number of people in Australia) to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aph.gov.au\/About_Parliament\/Parliamentary_departments\/Parliamentary_Library\/Budget\/reviews\/2024-25\/Immigration?CalendarWidgetTarget=17-05-2024&amp;tab=tab2a\">pre-pandemic levels<\/a> of about 260,000 people per year.<\/p>\n<p>It also follows similar moves in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-68059996\">Canada<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2023\/dec\/07\/everything-is-in-jeopardy-how-new-uk-visa-rules-are-tearing-families-apart\">United Kingdom<\/a>, which have introduced changes to limit the number of international students in their countries.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599238\/original\/file-20240607-19-puoemt.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599238\/original\/file-20240607-19-puoemt.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=489&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599238\/original\/file-20240607-19-puoemt.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=489&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599238\/original\/file-20240607-19-puoemt.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=489&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599238\/original\/file-20240607-19-puoemt.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=614&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599238\/original\/file-20240607-19-puoemt.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=614&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599238\/original\/file-20240607-19-puoemt.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=614&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>How did we get here?<\/h2>\n<p>As the Treasury explained last week, it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.afr.com\/policy\/economy\/we-got-it-wrong-on-migration-treasury-boss-20240603-p5jiqj\">underestimated net overseas migration<\/a> by 25%. International students are the major cause of this.<\/p>\n<p>They are now at record levels, with about 870,000 current and former international students in Australia. They make up the largest part of the temporary migrant population.<\/p>\n<p>During the pandemic, the number of international students in Australia more than halved. In December 2019, there were more than 630,000 international students in Australia. By December 2021, there were 315,000. Since Australia reopened its borders, the number of international students entering the country have rebounded much quicker than anticipated.<\/p>\n<p>Along with pent-up demand, the Morrison government introduced policies to encourage international students to return. This included <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2022-01-13\/international-students-allowed-to-work-more-hours\/100753802#\">removing caps on the number of hours<\/a> a student could work and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.education.gov.au\/end-extended-poststudy-work-rights-international-graduates#:%7E:text=The%20extended%20post%2Dstudy%20work,Graduate%20visa%20(subclass%20485).\">allowing students to stay longer<\/a> after they have finished their course.<\/p>\n<p>Now, amid dual housing and cost-of-living crises, international students have also become a political issue. Not only is the federal government looking to decrease net overseas migration but the opposition <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/peter-dutton-pledges-to-drastically-slash-migration-in-bid-to-free-up-100-000-homes-over-five-years-230205\">wants to go even further<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599241\/original\/file-20240607-21-egh4aq.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599241\/original\/file-20240607-21-egh4aq.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=505&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599241\/original\/file-20240607-21-egh4aq.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=505&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599241\/original\/file-20240607-21-egh4aq.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=505&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599241\/original\/file-20240607-21-egh4aq.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=634&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599241\/original\/file-20240607-21-egh4aq.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=634&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599241\/original\/file-20240607-21-egh4aq.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=634&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Who is affected by this change?<\/h2>\n<p>So far, the focus of the impact on international student caps has been on universities. But there could be much wider impacts in the economy and community if international student numbers are capped.<\/p>\n<p>One thing that is often lost in the debate is the diversity of the international education sector. Universities only make up <a href=\"https:\/\/www.education.gov.au\/international-education-data-and-research\/international-student-monthly-summary-and-data-tables\">about 40%<\/a> of current international student enrolments.<\/p>\n<p>The remainder of students are in private colleges, English language schools and secondary schools.<\/p>\n<p>International students are also important parts of Australia\u2019s workforce. The occupation with the largest number of international students is \u201ccarer and aides\u201d. This means industries like aged care and disability support rely on an international student workforce.<\/p>\n<p>In 2023, international education was also Australia\u2019s fourth largest export <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/economy\/international-trade\/international-trade-supplementary-information-calendar-year\/latest-release\">valued at $48 billion<\/a>. Of this, $17 billion was collected in course fees and the remaining $31 billion was spent in the broader economy.<\/p>\n<p>This means any change to international student numbers could have an impact way beyond the campuses of Australia\u2019s elite universities.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599242\/original\/file-20240607-17-akf77q.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599242\/original\/file-20240607-17-akf77q.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=335&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599242\/original\/file-20240607-17-akf77q.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=335&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599242\/original\/file-20240607-17-akf77q.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=335&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599242\/original\/file-20240607-17-akf77q.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=421&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599242\/original\/file-20240607-17-akf77q.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=421&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599242\/original\/file-20240607-17-akf77q.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=421&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>We still need detail<\/h2>\n<p>During his <a href=\"https:\/\/ministers.treasury.gov.au\/ministers\/jim-chalmers-2022\/speeches\/budget-speech-2024-25#:%7E:text=Tonight's%20Budget%20delivers%20an%20additional,would%20otherwise%20have%20run%20out.&amp;text=And%20we're%20directing%20%241,fleeing%20domestic%20violence%2C%20and%20youth.\">budget speech<\/a>, Treasurer Jim Chalmers focused on housing as a central to how caps will be calculated.<\/p>\n<p>As he told parliament:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>[\u2026] for too long, enrolments have grown without being matched by an increase in student housing supply.<\/p>\n<p>We will limit how many international students can be enrolled by each university based on a formula, including how much housing they build.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>But it is not yet clear how this will happen.<\/p>\n<p>It is also unclear how much international students are impacting upon housing costs. Some <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/our-research-shows-what-the-rental-market-is-really-like-for-international-students-230308\">research has shown<\/a> the impact of international students on housing and rental prices is small.<\/p>\n<p>One factor the government could consider here is how many domestic students are enrolled at a particular institution. This is so domestic students do not suffer from a cut that sees fewer resources where they study.<\/p>\n<p>In Australia, it is certainly true the larger, more prestigious universities <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/international-students-are-returning-to-australia-but-they-are-mostly-going-to-more-prestigious-universities-193391\">have the most international students<\/a>. But they also enrol huge numbers of domestic students.<\/p>\n<p>The largest private vocational colleges enrol almost exclusively international students, usually in courses like business and hospitality. As our analysis (below) shows, of the ten largest private providers, nine were private colleges where there were few domestic students.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to note, this is the part of the international education sector <a href=\"https:\/\/www.homeaffairs.gov.au\/reports-and-publications\/reviews-and-inquiries\/departmental-reviews\/rapid-review-exploitation-visa-system\">identified<\/a> as having the most problems with compliance and exploitation. This is what the government has been keen to crack down on when it talks about \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.news.com.au\/national\/politics\/education-minister-jason-clare-introduces-new-bill-to-manage-foreign-student-surge\/news-story\/5c6186f0204c1c87b880c67bb6df5ecb\">shonky<\/a>\u201d providers.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599239\/original\/file-20240607-21-zs47me.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599239\/original\/file-20240607-21-zs47me.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=506&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599239\/original\/file-20240607-21-zs47me.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=506&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599239\/original\/file-20240607-21-zs47me.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=506&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599239\/original\/file-20240607-21-zs47me.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=635&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599239\/original\/file-20240607-21-zs47me.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=635&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/599239\/original\/file-20240607-21-zs47me.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=635&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>What happens now?<\/h2>\n<p>The bill has been referred to the Senate\u2019s education committee, which is due to report on August 15.<\/p>\n<p>In many ways \u201ctoo many students\u201d is a good problem to have. It demonstrates Australia\u2019s international education sector is strong.<\/p>\n<p>But we have to watch out for unintended consequences. The diversity of the system \u2013 from elite, research universities educating both international and domestic students to private colleges largely educating international students \u2013 also needs to be taken into account.<\/p>\n<p>And to adequately understand the impacts, we need more detail now from the government about how they plan to do it.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/231804\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/peter-hurley-342847\">Peter Hurley<\/a>, Director, Mitchell Institute, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/victoria-university-1175\">Victoria University<\/a><\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/melinda-hildebrandt-1264360\">Melinda Hildebrandt<\/a>, Policy Fellow, Mitchell Institute, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/victoria-university-1175\">Victoria University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/international-student-caps-are-creating-a-huge-headache-for-universities-but-they-could-have-an-impact-beyond-elite-campuses-231804\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Peter Hurley, Victoria University and Melinda Hildebrandt, Victoria University Just before the May budget, the federal government made a surprise announcement: it will introduce caps on the number of international students in the country. It is fair to say this plan is really worrying some Australian universities. The sector argues cutting student numbers will [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31225,"featured_media":17461,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.0 (Yoast SEO v23.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>International Student Caps Are Creating A Huge Headache For Australian Universities - MBA News Australia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mbanews.com.au\/international-student-caps-are-creating-a-huge-headache-for-australian-universities\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"International Student Caps Are Creating A Huge Headache For Australian Universities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Peter Hurley, Victoria University and Melinda Hildebrandt, Victoria University Just before the May budget, the federal government made a surprise announcement: it will introduce caps on the number of international students in the country. 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